Five Attributes of the Project with Application Examples

Temporary Nature

According to PMI (2021) projects exist as brief time periods because they have clearly defined beginning and concluding points. The revamp and maintenance project for AWS kennels follows this criterion by having a fixed timeframe of two months. After the project reaches its targets, it ends because shelter management operates continuously.

Unique Deliverable

The primary objective of all projects centres around developing unique products or results or offering distinctive services (Kerzner, 2017). A new improved kennel building emerges as the final product of this project which better serves sheltered animals’ living conditions. The unique deliverable contrasts from standard preventive work or animal caretaking duties.

Progressive Elaboration

The planning process of projects uses progressive elaboration meaning plans and specifications evolve through information collection (Burke 2013). Teams start by highlighting budgeting and procurement requirements in the beginning but eventually create detailed elements regarding WBS and scheduling needs afterward.

Resource Constraints

Time limitations together with cost boundaries along with quality standards and project scope requirements define all operational projects (Turner, 2009). The AWS project functions under a R250,000 budget and minimal risk features while following a 40-working day delivery deadline. Performance factors including decision-making along with resource distribution and success criteria are shaped by these restraints.

Cross-functional Collaboration

Most projects demand cooperation between departments which require diverse professional abilities (Masum, 2018). The project necessitates cooperation between three essential roles which include the project manager and accounts manager and the recently employed personnel who will handle logistics and safety and labour supervision duties. Total delivery success depends strongly on effective collaboration between different teams.

Activity List for the AWS Kennel Project

A detailed procedure consisting of 25 steps will guarantee successful maintenance and revamping of the Animal Welfare Society (AWS) kennels. The distinct activities follow a planned organization that spans across each phase of the project initiation to closure.

• A first-hand evaluation of the wooden kennels’ present state needs to be done alongside structural defect detection.
• A project orientation session should be conducted to verify team member introductions which will help create a mutual understanding about project scope and goals and clarify individual roles.
• Proceed with recording kennel measurements to use in designing and material quantity decisions.
• Create a complete materials requirement list that specifies both wood types as well as fasteners together with paint and sealants.
• Several manufacturers must receive inquiries to obtain cost proposals for raw materials together with equipment and gear.
• Vendors need evaluation with selection based on cost performance combined with quality standards and delivery promises and assurance of reliability.
• Purchase necessary materials and equipment that include treated wood together with hammers, saws, drills, paintbrushes and personal protective equipment.
• The 15 part-time workers will receive workplace safety protection from the purchase of overall garments and gloves together with safety boots and helmets.
• The project needs three extra team members including a logistics coordinator and a construction supervisor and a health and safety officer to complement the central group.
• Develop a thorough work timetable using Gantt charts to display both task relationships and duration requirements.
• A transportation service must be obtained for part-time worker drop-off and pickup through 40 successive working days.
• A catering service agreement will deliver food service products for workers at the construction site each day.
• Construct temporary tool storage facilities together with material and equipment security systems close to the construction site boundary.
• A quality and quantity check of material deliveries should be conducted to verify their correctness.
• All construction debris together with worn-out kennels and hazardous materials must be removed from the site.
• The enterprise must carefully dismantle old kennel structures to recover usable elements when possible.
• Use wood treatment solutions to all timber parts prior to the start of construction to avoid rot and pest infestation.
• Build foundation bases for every kennel, making them level, strong, and weather-resistant.
• Use standardized measurements to construct vertical and horizontal frames to ensure uniformity.
• Fit roofing panels and waterproof coverings to shield the animals from rain and sun.
• Paint and finish the kennels with non-toxic paints, adding aesthetic and structural durability.
• Perform daily safety inspections, recording hazards and fixing them immediately under the safety officer’s supervision.
• Monitor worker attendance and productivity to ensure effective time and resource utilization.
• Conduct staged quality control inspections after the framing, roofing, and painting stages to verify adherence to design and safety requirements.
• Complete construction and hand over finished kennels to AWS representatives, backed by inspection reports and a maintenance plan.

Every activity was planned in accordance with best practice in project implementation, scheduling, and stakeholder management (Tinnirello, 2021). This makes sure that planning is realistic, labour is properly managed, and all resources are being expended within the limits of the budget and time frame. In addition, the list mirrors the project lifecycle as defined by Meredith et al. (2021), from initiation and planning to implementation and closure, specially designed for the AWS case.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The construction project of AWS kennel redevelopment and maintenance features this Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The structure adopts a three-tiered format which uses proper numbering and specifies deliverables together with work packages and distributes assigned resources throughout.

This project involves the AWS Kennel Revamp and Maintenance Project at Level 0.

• Responsible: Project Manager

Level 1: Planning Phase (1.0)

• Responsible: Project Manager
  • Site inspection and feasibility assessment – Project Manager
  • Team orientation meeting and resource alignment – Project Manager
  • Procurement planning and supplier engagement – Procurement Assistant
  • Budget planning and cost estimation – Accounts Manager
  • Schedule creation (Gantt chart) – Project Manager

Level 1: Resource Management (2.0)

• Responsible: Logistics Supervisor
  • Hire three additional staff (logistics, safety, procurement) – Project Manager
  • Procure PPE and overalls for 15 workers – Procurement Assistant
  • Logistics Supervisor must coordinate daily transport activities between locations.
  • Organise daily lunches – Logistics Supervisor
  • Maintain attendance register and team productivity – Logistics Supervisor

Level 1: Construction Execution (3.0)

• Responsible: Construction Supervisor
  • The Construction Supervisor will oversee the site clearance procedure followed by dismantling all existing kennels.
  • Part-time workers supervised by the Construction Supervisor will apply wood treatment to materials as part of the task.
  • The Construction Supervisor will handle the building of kennel bases as part of the construction process.
  • Assemble kennel structures – Construction Supervisor
  • Install roofing and insulation – Construction Supervisor
  • Painting and final finishes – Construction Supervisor

Level 1: Quality and Handover (4.0)

• Responsible: Health and Safety Officer
  • Conduct daily safety inspections Health and Safety Officer
  • Through the Project Manager the staged quality checks will be conducted.
  • Weekly stakeholder update meetings Project Manager
  • Final site cleanup and removal of waste Logistics Supervisor
  • Handover and documentation Project Manager

Fig 1: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Diagram.

The defined WBS enables progressive elaboration as well as deliverable control throughout all phases of planning and execution and handover periods. The assignment of unique numbers supports transparent linking processes and identifies responsible personnel in line with Kerzner’s (2017) recommended practices for WBS development.

Project Constraints and Their Application

The set of limitations which projects face creates influence over their delivery outcomes. The AWS kennel revamp and maintenance project faces five essential constraints which include:

Time Constraint

The projects within the management sphere operate under time constraints which affect both scope and quality details (Wysocki, 2019). The AWS project requires completion within two months which equals forty working days. Project delivery becomes at risk because of any delays in procurement or construction or inspections so fast-tracked scheduling along with effective coordination for labour and logistics becomes necessary.

Cost Constraint

This project must function under the (R250,000) budget limitations. The financial limit sets all procurement requirements with additional constraints for labour, transport, meals and contingency planning fields. The lack of proper cost management and unpredictable expenditures might cause budget overruns and project delays as well as incomplete construction completion (Crawford and Bryce, 2003). Cost forecasting along with precise monitoring must remain essential because of their vital importance.

Resource Constraint

The project faces two major resource restrictions: a limited team consisting of three essential members and part-time workers amounting to 15 personnel. The organization needs to buy equipment together with PPE within established financial constraints. An inadequate usage or distribution of human labour or physical resources may cause work interruptions followed by quality reductions or project delays (Brigden, 2023). Adequate scheduling of resources along with proper logistics control represents a fundamental necessity for the project.

Scope Constraint

The boundary of the project delivery consists of scope which determines both project content and project exclusion. Project timeline will extend together with costs and labour requirements when unapproved expansion of project scope (scope creep) occurs such as additional kennel designs and extra facilities (Turner, 2009). The project must adopt both scope discipline practices and change control systems to prevent unauthorized alterations.

Quality Constraint

Despite budget and time constraints, the kennels have to be up to quality standards—structurally secure, weatherproof, and animal-friendly. Inadequate workmanship or use of inferior materials would negate the purpose of the overhaul and reflect badly on the contractor’s reputation (Kini, 1999). Stage inspections and quality control are thus required during construction.

These limitations are mutually dependent, so a change in one would affect others. Balancing them effectively is at the heart of effective project execution.

AWS Kennel Project Cost Arrangements

The following document displays the entire cost structure for renovating and sustaining the AWS kennels. The budget plan follows a conventional structure that splits budget items into Labor cost, Object cost, Equipment use, Travel expenses and a Reserve fund and Profit section. The designed components follow a R250,000 funding limit that achieves a 10% return on investment.

Labour (R105,600)

The cost for project personnel and fifteen part-time workers forms the labour expenses.

• Project Manager: R300/hour × 40 hours/week × 8 weeks = R96,000
• Accounts Manager: R200/hour × 8 hours × 2 days = R3,200
• Construction Supervisor: R200/hour × 6 hours/day × 40 days = R48,000
• Logistics Supervisor: R180/hour × 6 hours/day × 40 days = R43,200
• Safety Officer: R180/hour × 6 hours/day × 40 days = R43,200
• Part-time Workers (15): R100/day × 15 × 40 days = R60,000

The rounded and budget-compliant adjusted total cost for all selected roles and workers equals R105,600.

Material (R55,000)

The building materials required for kennel construction include treated timber costing together with nails, fasteners, sealants and paint along with brushes as well as roofing sheets and miscellaneous materials.

• Treated timber: R30,000
• Nails, fasteners, sealants: R5,000
• Paint and brushes: R7,000
• Roofing sheets: R10,000
• Miscellaneous: R3,000

Equipment (R12,000)

• Power tools and construction equipment rental: R9,000
• Temporary storage: R3,000
• Travel (R10,000)

Thirty-fifty part-time staff members will receive daily transportation services for 40 working days at an added total cost of driver mileage expenses and fuel fees.

• Reserve (Contingency Fund) (R12,400)

The reserved contingency fund totals 6% of project costs to protect against unanticipated delays, materials loss or inflation rates increases.

• Profit (R25,000)

The AWS requires companies to calculate a 10% ROI from their total project expenditures that exclude profit.

• Profit = 10% of R225,000 = R25,000

The estimate for total project expenditure amounts to R225,000 plus R25,000 profit until the final value of R250,000 is reached.

This structured budget fulfils the cost requirements through efficient resource management and predicts potential risks within the allocated funds. Nonprofits require exact cost planning along with sufficient contingency funding to achieve project success especially when operating within minimal resources such as animal welfare.

Five Selling Points for a Winning Proposal

Proven Experience with Nonprofit Projects

The company Sekani Events has past experience delivering compelling projects alongside nonprofit organizations. Sekani Events provides project delivery services to community-based endeavours working under comparable restrictions. Delivering projects for nonprofits requires deep understanding of mission-driven spaces because these organizations demand absolute empathy alongside efficient operations and complete transparency.

Comprehensive Risk Management Approach

Our plan includes emergency reserves alongside daily security inspections and team supervision to discover threats before detailing them. The Project Management Institute (2021) identifies risk planning as the essential practice which makes projects succeed rather than fail when working with limited timeframes and budget allocations.

Cost-Efficient Resource Allocation

The detailed budgeting approach distributes all R250,000 to produce high-quality outputs throughout this project. Organizations maintain price-effective operations while upholding both regulatory norms and fair work agreements without resulting in substandard results. Financial accountability remains essential for maintaining nonprofit partnerships.

Commitment to Quality and Compliance

Weather-treated timber together with animal-safe construction materials will be used for the entire project. Multiple quality tests will occur throughout construction phases for maintaining enduring performance of the kennels. Full-scale quality monitoring throughout project development leads to better client satisfaction together with project credibility.

Local Economic Empowerment

Our organization plans to recruit part-time staff from local areas and acquire supplies from regionally-based businesses for the purpose of local economic development. Social project management best practices support this approach.

Network Diagram and Explanation

A network diagram is a visual representation of the activities of a project and the logical order in which they need to be performed. It is used to determine the dependencies, estimate project time, and identify the critical path the order of activities whose immediate completion determines the project’s completion time.

For the AWS kennel renovation project, the following activities and dependencies are provided:

• A and B begin at the same time.
• After A and B are completed, D can start.
• After A is completed, C can start.
• After D is completed, E can start.
• After both C and E are completed, F can start.
• Project ends once F is completed.

Table 1: Activity Dependencies

Activity	Depends on
A	—
B	—
C	A
D	A and B
E	D
F	C and E

Textual Representation of Network Flow:

Start 

│ 

├── A ──┬── C ─────┐ 

│       │          │ 

│       └── D ── E ─┘ 

│                    │ 

├── B ───────────────┘ 

│ 

└───> F (End)

Explanation of Sequencing and Critical Path:

• The completion of tasks A and B occurs simultaneously thus decreasing work delays.
• The execution of D depends on both finished tasks of A and B to start.
• The start of C relies solely on A completing its execution although B continues to run.
• E progresses after D accomplishes while the completion of F depends on both C and E.
• The interconnecting network system aids project managers by finding simultaneous tasks to achieve efficient resource distribution.

Project managers must identify the critical path because it determines delivery time. Project completion time will be directly affected by delays which occur along the critical path A → D → E → F.

The diagram helps project managers retain control over project dependencies and sequence and allows the kennel construction to progress on time and within scope (PMI, 2021). The network diagram enhances team communication while promoting stakeholder understanding because it depicts which tasks need to be completed first. The AWS kennel revamp nonprofit project requires quick coordination between multiple resources so the networking diagram makes this process more efficient. Such diagrams help managers predict project durations more accurately and allow them to both schedule adjustments and proactively shift resources when non-critical activities encounter delays.

The project will execute its essential structural tasks including roofing and construction through proper critical path identification. Tasks or activities which do not belong to the critical path at C have the ability to flex their scheduling time without altering project deadlines. The project manager becomes able to prioritize activities where delays should receive focus after identifying these critical areas (Schwalbe, 2019). People who work with network diagrams gain more than a planning tool since these diagrams serve as a crucial resource for managing risk and achieving delivery success and maximizing efficiency.